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RCT OF COMMUNITY PHARMACY BASED CLINICAL MEDICATION REVIEW WITH AND WITHOUT
ACCESS TO PATIENT'S SUMMARY MEDICAL PROFILES
MacLaren AG, Mackie CA, Tennant S, Greater Glasgow NHS Primary Care Division,
1055 Great Western Rd, Glasgow G12 0XH (alister.mclaren@gartnavel.glacomen.scot.nhs.uk)
Introduction
The need for regular medication review has been recognised in the
recently introduced GP contract in the UK and new Community Pharmacy contract
for England and Wales. The effectiveness of medication review in general
practice has been demonstrated previously1,2 A further study of community
pharmacy based clinical medication review demonstrated resolution of drug
therapy problems with clinical review versus standard care 3. The model
tested in this study provided community pharmacists with summary medical
profiles derived from patient's medical records. Currently community pharmacists
do not have routine access to patient's medical records and this is perceived
to be a barrier to delivering a clinical medication review service. The
aim of this present study was to compare the effectiveness of community
pharmacy based clinical medication review with and without access to patient's
summary medical profiles.
Method
The recruitment and accreditation of community pharmacists has been
described previously4. Patients aged ? 65yrs, receiving 4 or more repeat
medicines simultaneously, were identified from participating GP practice
lists. Consenting patients who nominated a participating pharmacy were
randomised into one of two intervention groups. The active group received
a clinical medication review without access to patient's medical profiles
while the control group received a clinical medication review with access
to patient's medical profiles. The clinical medication review process
was based upon an established evaluated model 1. Patients, GPs and the
principle investigator were blinded throughout the study.
The primary outcome measure was the mean number of clinical drug therapy
problems (cDTP) identified in each group. The type of cDTPs identified
was also evaluated by systematically assigning cDTPs to one of 13 categories
ordered in a hierarchical structure. Secondary outcome measures included
the number of cDTP resolved at 12 months follow up.
Results
480 patients (87%) registered with 20 GP practices received their
allocated intervention across 16 community pharmacies. Both active and
control groups were matched at baseline. The mean number of cDTPs identified
was 1.7 ± 1.4 for the active group and 1.9 ± 1.3 for the
control group (p = 0.078). Of the 13 cDTP categories only three had a
significant difference with 'untreated indication' (p < 0.01) higher
in the control group and 'adverse drug reaction' (p<0.05) and 'cost-effectiveness'
(p< 0.05) higher in the active group. Follow up after 1 year revealed
no significant difference in the resolution of cDTPs, with 61% resolved
in the active group compared with 57% in the control group.
Discussion
Trained and accredited community pharmacists in collaboration with
GPs were able to identify and resolve a broad range of cDTPs. Lack of
access to patient's summary medical profiles did not significantly impact
upon the number of cDTPs identified and subsequently resolved. Small differences
were noted in the nature of the cDTPs with more 'untreated indications'
being detected by the pharmacists with access to medical summaries. These
findings are significant in light of the new 'Medicines Use Review' Service
which requires accredited community pharmacists to undertake a review
of medicines out with the GP practice, without access to medical notes
and communicated by written referral.
References
1. Mackie CA, Lawson DH, Campbell A, MacLaren AG, Waigh R. A randomised
controlled trial of medication review in patients receiving polypharmacy
in general practice. Pharm J 1999; 263:R7
2. Zermansky AG, Petty DR, Raynor DK, Freemantle N, Vail A et al. A randomised
controlled trial of medication review in patients receiving repeat prescriptions
in general practice. BMJ 2001; 323: 1340
3. Mackie CA, Mohammed A, Corlett S, Laaksonen R, Bates I et al. A randomised
controlled trial of medication review by accredited community pharmacists.
IJPP 2005; 13:R17.
4. MacLaren AG, Mackie, CA, Lowrie R, Tennant S. Medication review: recruitment
and accreditation of a cohort of community pharmacists. IJPP 2003; 11:R97
Presented at the HSRPP Conference 2006, Bath
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