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An exploration of pharmacy students' attitudes towards delivering the
public health agenda
Morecroft, CW and Krska, J
School of Pharmacy and Chemistry
Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool L3 3AF (c.w.morecroft@ljmu.ac.uk)
Introduction
The contribution that pharmacists make to the public health agenda
has been acknowledged by the Department of Health (DH) in a white paper
and formalised in the new pharmaceutical services contract.1,2 In addition,
the education and training of pharmacists in public health is actively
encouraged by the DH and The Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain.1,3
At present, public health is not identified as a discrete discipline in
the undergraduate pharmacy course at Liverpool John Moores University
(LJMU). The aim of this study was to explore the opinions of pharmacy
students towards the public health agenda, their involvement as future
pharmacists and what they required in the form of education and training
to deliver this agenda.
Method
Three focus group discussions, each comprising up to ten LJMU pharmacy
undergraduates from all levels of the course, were conducted. Students
were asked about their understanding of public health, their views on
the involvement of pharmacy and themselves in the future and whether they
considered pharmacists to be the best people to deliver the public health
agenda. Finally, students were asked what education and training they
required to undertake public health roles. Each focus group was tape-recorded,
transcribed and thematically analysed.4
Findings
Pharmacy students from LJMU considered that public health involved
screening, monitoring and educating people with regard to their health,
with the ultimate aim being to prevent or reduce the incidence of illness.
These points focused on the biomedical perspective of health and illness,
in recognising and treating symptoms. They considered that pharmacy and
themselves in future would play a greater role in the public health agenda.
In addition, they saw a great opportunity, particularly as community pharmacists,
to influence and educate people. However they felt that pharmacy would
not engage all sectors of the public, other professionals (e.g. general
practitioners, nurses, social workers, teachers and youth workers) would
need to engage in delivering the public health agenda. For example, children
and young people, were considered to be unlikely visitors to pharmacies
by the pharmacy students, but to have problems involving alcohol and illicit
drug consumption, smoking and sexual health. Finally, students indicated
that a module in public health would be a welcome addition to the curriculum.
However to obtain maximum benefit, the module should involve an equal
split between theory and practice. Some input from professionals already
involved in public health would help students to identify what these different
professionals did and how they as pharmacists, could integrate more easily
into the complexities of health and social care.
Discussion
Unsurprisingly, LJMU pharmacy students had a narrow view of the influences
on public health, as no societal influences were mentioned. Whilst public
health was considered an important part of their future role, they were
aware of their limitations in engaging all sectors of the public. Students
considered that ensuring a competent and effective delivery of the public
health agenda would require a collaborative and integrated approach from
other disciplines involved with public health, which should be reflected
in teaching.
References
(1) Department of Health. Choosing health through pharmacy: A programme
for pharmaceutical public health 2005 - 2015. London: Department of Health,
2005.
(2) Prescribing Services Negotiating Committee. The new contract for community
pharmacy. Aylesbury: PSNC, 2004.
(3) Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Competencies of the
future pharmacy workforce. London: Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great
Britain, 2004.
(4) Aronson, J A pragmatic view of thematic analysis. 1994 http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/BackIssues/QR2-1/aronson.html
(23-November-2005)
Presented at the HSRPP Conference 2006, Bath
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